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EduTech ๋…ผ๋ฌธ >> Sara, the Lecturer: Improving Learning in Online Education with a Scaffolding-Based Conversational Agent / ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์Šค์บํด๋”ฉ์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ

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Sara, the Lecturer: Improving Learning in Online Education with a Scaffolding-Based Conversational Agent

  • Problem
    • ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ↔ educator์™€ learner์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
  • Solution
    • Conversational agent๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” educator๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ scaffolding ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ƒํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • Sara, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ค‘์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ. voice based input mode๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ
    • ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ Scaffolding ์ด๋ž€ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ๋ฐ, ํ•™์Šต์ž ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • Contribution
    • ๋” ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— scaffolding๊ณผ voice-based ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๊ฐ•์กฐ

Introduction

  • ํ•™์Šต ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ meaningful interaction์œผ๋กœ educator์™€ learner์‚ฌ์ด์˜ scaffolding dialog๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ information retention๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋ฅผ transfer ability of learner๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ CA(Conversational Agents)๋“ค์€ *instructional scaffolding logic์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. isl์ด๋ž€ ๊ต์œก์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€์‹์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์‹์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.*
  • Integration of scaffolded instructions in online teaching, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ์Šค์บํด๋”ฉ๋œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์ด ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
    • NLPํ™œ์šฉ
    • e.g.) ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ NLP๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ adaptiveํ•œ answer๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์ƒํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๊ต์œก๊ฐ€์˜ ์Šค์บํด๋”ฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์ ธ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด information retention๊ณผ transfer ability๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์‹ค์ œ ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. (๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฑฐ!! ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ฆ๊ฐ€-retention, ์ ์šฉ-transfer)
  • ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ e-learning setting๊ณผ online video lecture์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ .
    • Online video ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธํ’‹๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
      • ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋…น์Œ๋œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ
      • ๋…นํ™”๋œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ
    • ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ *SCAFFOLDING BASED CA๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.*
      • transfer and replicate the positive effects of the instructional scaffolding mechanism to the new context of online video lectures
      • CA์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต(voice- & text-based vs text-based)
      • ์Šค์บํด๋”ฉ๊ณผ CA์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„
  • Sara-web based CA
    • 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ
      • Helping them to remember concepts better(informatino retention)
      • Using the gained knwoeldge to solve novel problems(transfer ability)
    • ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋„์ค‘์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‘๋‹ต์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด scaffolding์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.
    • REF) 2018. Providing Proactive Scaffolding
      During Tutorial Dialogue Using Guidance from Student Model Predictions / 2015. Positive Impact of Collaborative Chat Participation in an edX MOOC